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Sports drinks can benefit an athlete during prolonged exercise primarily by enhancing performance through energy and electrolyte replenishment. During extended physical activity, the body loses water and essential electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, through sweat. Sports drinks are specifically formulated to replace these lost fluids and electrolytes, which helps maintain hydration levels and supports optimal bodily functions during exercise.

Additionally, many sports drinks contain carbohydrates that provide the necessary energy to sustain performance. Consuming these drinks can delay fatigue and improve endurance, allowing athletes to perform at their best for a longer duration. The combination of hydration and energy replenishment is crucial for maintaining performance and reducing the risk of dehydration-related issues, such as muscle cramps and decreased cognitive function.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary benefits of sports drinks in the context of prolonged exercise. Increasing fat storage is not a desirable effect for athletes, while providing essential nutrients is secondary to the key benefits of energy and electrolyte replenishment. Reducing overall exercise time is not a benefit of sports drinks; rather, they support sustained activity levels.